“Unfortunately, what we might call ‘official School Improvement’ (Hatcher 1998) has remained inexcusably ignorant of sociological theories relating to social justice. ”
This is ironic given that international data over the past decade has consistently shown that higher average attainment in a country crucially depends on overcoming inequalities and raising the attainment of working class and ethnic minority students (PISA).
Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital is key to understanding how schools reproduce social difference. Bourdieu’s argument is not that higher-class families have more culture or even a better culture, but that their culture is recognized by schools, whereas the cultural interests and knowledge of working class and ethnic minority families is either ignored altogether or viewed with disdain.